Sunscreen potential of green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Sungkai leaf extract

Authors: Indri Maharini, Puspa Dwi Pratiwi, Aulia Hafizhah Nugroho, Yulwilla Virginia, Sekar Ayu Pawestri

Abstract

ntroduction: Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized through green routes have garnered considerable attention as sustainable alternatives for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The use of plant extracts as bioreductors offers an eco-friendly and non-toxic approach for nanoparticle production. In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Peronema canescensJack. (Sungkai) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. Objective:The research aimed to evaluate the sunscreen potential of the biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles by determining their Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. Methods: ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis method employing Peronema canescens leaf extract as a bioreductor. The sunscreen activity was analyzed using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer across concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The SPF values were calculated based on absorbance measurements within the wavelength range of 290–320 nm, according to the Mansur equation. Results: The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited concentration-dependent photoprotective activity. The mean SPF values obtained were 0.89±0.002, 3.34±0.001, 6.57±0.002, 10.39±0.003, and 14.70±0.006 for concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm, respectively. These findings demonstrate that higher concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles enhance UV absorption capability and overall SPF value. Conclusion: Green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Peronema canescens Jack. Leaf extract exhibited concentration-dependent sunscreen activity. The highest SPF value of 14.70 at 1000 ppm indicates moderate to high UV protection. These results suggest that biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles are promising eco-friendly agents for natural sunscreen formulations.